Nhân tố cản trở tham gia vào chuỗi cung ứng toàn cầu của các doanh nghiệp trong ngành công nghiệp chế biến và chế tạo ở việt nam tt tiếng anh

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INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale
The processing and manufacturing industry in Vietnam has made
a great contribution to the national growth. In 2017, the Index of
Industrial Production (IIP) increased by 9,4% compared to 2016,
much higher than 7.4% in 2016. The processing and manufacturing
sector increased by 14.5% (the highest growth rate in 6 years),
significantly contributed to the growth of the industry with 10.2
points of percentage. The study of factors which hinder enterprises
from joining into the global supply chain of the manufacturing
industry not only helps Vietnamese enterprises rethink themselves,
recognise and overcome their shortcomings and limitations, but also
helps them promote their advantages in order to gain the initiative in
doing business, participating in the global supply chain, achieving
high profit, helping Vietnam’s processing and manufacturing
industry sustainably develop, contributing to raising the position of
Vietnam in the international market.
However, there have been no study so far to assess the impact
level of factors that impede the participation of enterprises in the
global supply chain. So that, policy makers, businesses and managers
may base on to deliver solutions for managing and directing the
policy when identifying strategy joining into the global supply chain
following development objectives of the national economy.
Therefore, I chose the thesis "Factors hindering Vietnamese
processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the
global supply chain” as my PhD thesis.
2. Literature review

2.1. Research in Vietnam
In Vietnam, there have been many researches on the supply chain
of various commodities, sectors. These studies have deepened the
theoretical and practical implications of supply chain as well as the
involvement of enterprises in the global supply chain in many
aspects. The study by Huynh (2013) explores factors affecting the

co-ordination in wooden furniture supply chain in the Southeast
region. The author developed a system of factors that influent
collaboration in the wooden furniture supply chain in order to
establish a model to analyse, measure, particularly in developing
countries such as Vietnam. Doan et al. (2011) focused on the supply
chain of some key export products, such as wooden furniture, coffee,
textiles. The researcher clarified the theoretical and practical
framework to confirm the need of joining into the global supply
chain; analysed and evaluated the current status of production and
export of some commodities (wooden furniture, coffee, textiles) and
the supply chain of these products in Vietnam; built solutions for
Vietnamese enterprises to establish a domestic supply chain and take
a part in global supply chains. Do (2011) studied the value chain and
the linkage relationship between textile export enterprises in
Vietnam. Nguyen et al. (2015) paid attention to the cooperation of
internal supply components of enterprises to improve the business
effeciency. The author studied the complex relationship among
internal supply chain management, the premise and the result of
internal supply chain management.
Based on the context of international integration of Vietnamese
economy, there can be seen that Vietnamese enterprises are faceing a
lot of difficulties in access and operation inside global supply chain
(the total rate of Vietnam enterprise joining in the global supply

chain is around 20% which is much lower than the rate of other
regional countries). However, there have been no study focusing on
deeply assessing the impact level of factors which hinder enterprises
from participating in the global supply chain.
2.2. International research
International studies have clarified the theory of factors that
influence the global supply chain participation, and have also
demonstrated the implications for empirical studies in the case of
many different countries. When studying the factors affecting the
global supply chain participation of international enterprises and
Vietnamese enterprises, most of authors have access to consider


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these factors on both sides (impulse and impediment) to consider the
positive impact of the impulse and the negative impact of the
impediment. However, although a factor may be considered on both
sides, it can be seen clearly that each factor will be an aspect of
motivational influence or obstruction that predominates over the
other.
Focusing on East Asian region, Harvie (2010) synthesized
previous researches and provided a list of factors that obstruct the
production of most enterprises, such as: access to land; access to
finance; compliance costs; legal framework; access to technology;
access to information; access to market; access to business
development support services; international competitiveness;
relatively high transaction costs; accreditation costs; market failure;

fairness, transparency and consitency in the taxation of private firms;
access to skilled human resources; entrepreneurial skills and training;
society attitudes; lack of and cost of infrastructure; costs of becoming
formal rather than remaining informal; discrimination.
Focusing on analyzing the supply chain participation, many
researchers spent more time and effort in analyzing and identifying
the impact factors. However, according to Kamal and Irani (2014),
up to now, there seems to be no consistency in asserting the positive
and negative impact factors on supply chain participation because of
the heterogeneity of economies. Alfalla - Luque et al. (2013) has
developed a conceptual framework based on a theoretical overview
of supply chain participation studies and this has helped supply chain
researchers better understanding different factors of the supply chain
through quantitative research. However, the variables and scales in
their study frame have been studied by a number of previous authors
(Swink et al., 2007) and have a limitation of few positive variables.
The analysis by Kamal and Irani (2014) has divided the impact
factors into seven groups: strategy; management; organization;
operations; technology; finance and business environment. Whereas,
study of Kamal and Irani (2014) pointed out four possible factors
that significantly obstruct supply chain participation: limitation of

information technology infrastructure; limitations on technical
resources, skills and knowledge; afraid to change; shortage of
experienced human resources.
Many scientists have focused on identifying and analyzing factors
that influence the supply chain participation, for example: enterprise
size (Pagell, 2004), strategic partners (Ramanathana and
Gunasekaran, 2012), interdependence in the supply chain (Vachon
and Klassen, 2006), coordination and effective communication

(Paulraj et al., 2008). However, few studies have listed a complete
list of factors. One of the very few existing studies, by Bernon et al.
(2013), lists a number of benefits that focus on the linkage between
supply chain participation and productive outcomes, for example:
allowing chain members to improve the process of linking
production, saving time, reducing inventory, improving customer
service quality and enhancing the sharing information. Later, Pagell
(2004) provided and clarified the factors that positively and
negatively influence the supply chain participation (in operations,
procurement, logistics), such as improving performance efficiency,
enhancing high level management support, improving product
development and communication. A number of studies have
highlighted the different factors that drive supply chain engagement.
Chen et al. (2013) asserted that there are three most highlighted
factors: the level of information technology (IT), the exchange of
knowledge and belief among supply chain members. Most of the
studies focused on the factors that positively influence the supply
chain participation, and there are some studies that focus on factors
that interfere with the supply chain participation. For example, the
lack of a unified IT infrastructure (Khare et al., 2012), the bullwhip
effect (Vanpoucke et al., 2009) and affraid to change (Hertz, 2006).
The most influential factors in supply chain participation business
performance improvement, information sharing, competitive
advantage, communication improvement and resource efficiency.
Few studies work directly on the relationship between firms and
global supply chains (Harvie et al., 2010, Rasiah et al., 2010). Some


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studies have shown that the characteristics of enterprises in different
processing and manufacturing industries are very different.
Enterprises that relate to export or production networks are often
larger, more efficient, and have better skills than others.
Shortly, the international researches in both theoretical and
practical aspect are quite comprehensive. Researches have shown the
emergence of a number of factors affecting the enterprises and the
global supply chain participation. However, the impact significantly
varies, depending on the characteristics of the firms, the business
area as well as the socio-economic conditions of the studied country.
3. Research goal and objectives
3.1. Research goal
The research goal is to assess the factors that hinder Vietnamese
processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining the global
supply chain. The research examines the complex relationship
between limitation on skilled human resources; limitation on
technology capacity; limitation on capital; inadequacy of government
support policies; limitation of international culture and policy;
restrictions from the chain leader and the global supply chain
participation in terms of obstruction. Based on the results of the
research, the author proposes recommendations and solutions to help
the processing and manufacturing enterprises refering and applying
in doing business to overcome obstacles and firmly participate into
the global supply chain of the processing and manufacturing
industry.
3.2. Research objectives
In order to achieve the research goal, this thesis performs the
following specific research objectives:

- To analyze the current situation of the supply chain in the
processing and manufacturing industry in Vietnam.
- To study the factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and
manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain.
- To argue and propose solutions that are suitable to the practical
situation of the research in the next period in order to help enterprises

in the industry understanding and applying when doing business.
4. Research subjects and scopes
4.1. Research subjects
The research subject of the thesis is the theoretical and practical
issues of factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and
manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain.
4.2. Research scopes
The thesis studies the enterprises in three economic sectors
(State, private and foreign) which are diversified in scale and
business areas...
Space: The thesis studies factors that hinder Vietnamese
processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global
supply chain in Vietnam, including 24 first-tier categories from 10 to
33 according to the Decision No. 10/2007 /QD-TTg dated 23 January
2007 by the Prime Minister.
Total number of questionaires: the author sent 1,000
questionaires, received 600 questionaires in which there is 594 valid
questionaires.
Survey time: From February 2018 to June 2018.
5. Research methodology
The thesis uses a combination of a number of scientific research
methods, including:
Method of collecting secondary information

Method of analysis and synthesis
Statistical disaggregation
Descriptive statistics method
Method of econometric analysis
Expert consultation method
6. New contribution of the thesis
6.1. Theory
Deepen the concept of supply chain, global supply chain and
the supply chain participation.
Indicate three groups of factors that hinder Vietnamese


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processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global
supply chain, including: (i) Factors coming from the inside of
enterprises; (ii) Factors coming from the outside of enterprises.
Analyze in more detail the complex relationship between
limitation on skilled human resources, limitation on technology
capacity; limitation on capital; inadequacy of government support
policies; limitation of international culture and policy; restrictions
from the chain leader and the global supply chain participation in
terms of obstruction.

out new idea to improve the production process and product quality.
Enterprises that are participating in the supply chain, have to deal
with problem of spending more time to re-train the low-skilled
laborers.

The thesis argues that the impact of factors that hinder
Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining
in the global supply chain in Vietnam is manifested in many ways
(based on the elements constituting factors in the quantitative
analysis). Therefore, focusing on amending the public institution and
government support policies; improving the quality of skilled labor;
removing difficulties in accessing capital; improving technology
capacity ... are the important premise to help businesses overcoming
difficulties to participating deeply in the global supply chain.
7. Research structure
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, appendix and
references, the content of the thesis are divided into 5 chapters as
follows:
Chapter 1: Theoretical framework of supply chain and factors
that hinder enterprises from joining in the global supply chain
Chapter 2: The current status of supply chain participation and
factors that hinder the Vietnamese processing and manufacturing
enterprises from joining in the global supply chain
Chapter 3: The research methods and study model of factors that
hinder the Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises
from joining in the global supply chain
Chapter 4: The analyzing results of study model of factors that
hinder the Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises
from joining in the global supply chain
Chapter 5: Evaluation of research results and recommendations

6.2. Practice
The thesis argues that: (i) The presence of the chain leader creates
intense competitive pressure, technology transfer pressure, and
priority contract to FDI enterprises when joining into the global

supply chain. Enterprises who are already involved in the supply
chain have a deep understanding on the constraints of the chain
leader, especially in terms of challenges. However, businesses that
are learning and have not joined the chain seem to have not felt the
potential impact of the chain leader in terms of hindering their
business. (ii) Inadequacy of government support policies is the most
influential barriers, especially for enterprises that have not involved
in global supply chain. It seems that these enterprises face with
barriers in policies, public institutions and government’s support so
that they can not participate (though they wish). For enterprises that
are participating in the chain, the restriction and inadequacy of the
government's support policies make negative impact when the lack
of frankness and enthusiasm of the administrative staff and the
transparency and equality of the authorities put a negative impact on
the interests of the enterprises participating in the supply chain. (iii)
Restrictions on skilled human resources hinder enterprises from
participating in the global supply chain. Enterprises which have not
joined the supply chain, face to many difficulties, such as Having
trouble in recruiting high-skilled laborers; Employees need a long
time to learn to operate new technologies and Workers rarely bring


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CHAPTER 1
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF SUPPLY CHAIN AND
FACTORS THAT HINDER ENTERPRISES FROM JOINING
IN THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN
1.1. The supply chain overview
1.1.1. Supply chain

The term of "supply chain" appeared in the late 1980s and
became popular in the 1990s. Many scientists have spent time on
researching and defining supply chain. Currently, the most popular
supply chain concept that was acknowledged by many researchers,
was developed by La Londe and Masters (1994). Accordingly, the
supply chain can be seen as a system of members in a chain from
input supplier to manufacturer and distributor.
1.1.2. The global supply chain
Differ from domestic supply chain, the global supply chain
definition that is considered in this study is the supply chain that
have a global scale regardless of the administrative boundaries (Doan
et al., 2011). The widening of the global supply chain is largely
horizontal, without introducing new processes in the value chain that
focus on penetrating new markets, using new production units,
adding more production facilities to maximize revenue and profit,
based on the principle that the enterprise that is able to respond
adequately to the requirements of the supply chain is likely to be
participated in the supply chain.

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According to Hakanson and Snehota (1989), Huynh (2012) ..., the
supply chain includes Supplier, Manufacturer, Distributor, Retailer,
Consumer and Service provider.
1.1.5. The benefits of participation in the supply chain
-

For the national economy

-

For enterprises

1.2. Factors that hinder enterprises from joining in the global
supply chain
Through the results of published studies, it is possible to derive a
number of factor groups that researchers have identified (including
both positive and negative factors), such as: factors related to human
resources; factors related to technology capacity; factors related to
the size of the business. Factors related to the limitation of
government support policies are argued in scholarly articles that
study the general impact and there is no specific study focusing on
the negative impact.
The purpose of this thesis is to focus on the impact that hinder the
global supply chain participation. Thus, research examines the level
of constraints of factors on supply chain participation through several
groups of factors in the following and defines each factors according
to existing studies in the world. This study also supplements and
adjusts the scale of factors to suit with the context of the processing
and manufacturing industry in Vietnam.
1.2.1. Factors coming from the inside enterprise

1.1.3. The models of supply chain

- Factor relating to limitation on skilled human resources

- The simple supply chain model

- Factor relating to limitation on technology capacity

- The extended supply chain model

- Factor relating to limitation on capital

- The typical supply chain model

limitation of international culture and policy

1.1.4. The members of supply chain

1.2.2. Factors coming from the outside enterprise


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Factor relating to inadequacy of government support policies
1.3. Supply chain in some countries and corporation and
lesson for Vietnam
Studying the practical experience of Japan, New Zealand,
Australia and IKEA corporation, I point out the following lessons for
Vietnam:
For government:
- There should be a state agency that takes responsibility for
macro-level coordination policy of the supply chain.

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CHAPTER 2
THE CURRENT STATUS OF SUPPLY CHAIN
PARTICIPATION AND FACTORS THAT HINDER THE
VIETNAMESE PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING
ENTERPRISES FROM JOINING IN
THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN

2.1. International and domestic context
2.1.1. International context
(i) Technological progress and innovation have played a greater

- There should be diplomatic support through trade negotiations,
trade agreements… with major international trading partners.

role than ever in promoting the economy of every country. (ii)

- It is necessary to establish big enterprises to effectively lead the
supply chain.

industrial development, as the economic gap is narrowing because of

- It is necessary to improve the quality of human resources,
especially skilled manpower and senior management.

resources (equipment, capital, technology and skills ...) move around

- Select some stages of the supply chain that are suitable with the
capacity and comparative advantage of the country.

multinational corporations.

For enterprise:
- There should be a proper understanding of the supply chain and
the role of the supply chain.
- It should be noted that the level of collaboration among supply
chain members is the key of success.
- Realize and take advantage of enterprise’s strengthen in

compare with other enterprises in the chain.
- Participate in strategic alliances with foreign partners.
- Have a well-thought-out and comprehensive strategy to join the
global supply chain.

International competitiveness is the core issue of each country's
the decrease of transport and communication costs. (iii) Products and
the world more easily and quickly. (iv) Dominant role of

2.1.2. Domestic context
The transforming process of the growth model to raise the
competitiveness of the economy is being strengthened with the
drastic reform of administrative procedures, the support for the
development of enterprises, the establishment of a government of
integrity and creation... This will actively support the national
industry in the next time. Economic integration is deepening.
However, the industry in general and the manufacturing and
processing industry in particular is not sustainable and the
competitiveness of industries, industrial products is low. Industrial
growth is mainly based on investment. The technological level of
enterprises and the economy is far backward compared to other
regional countries.


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2.2. Overview of Vietnamese enterprises in the global supply
chain in the processing and manufacturing industry

Industrial labor tends to increase the number of non-technical
workers and reduce the number of workers with professional
qualifications and technical qualifications.

2.2.1. The situation of export and import of the processing and
manufacturing industry
Export turnover of processing and manufacturing products
increases continuously (78% in 2007 and 81.2% in 2017). In 2017,
this sector reached a growth rate of 14.40%, higher than three years
ago (2014: 8.45%, 2015: 10.60%, 2016: 11.09%).
2.2.2. The situation of foreign direct investment in the
processing and manufacturing industry
Up to 20/2/2018, there are 19 sectors in the total of 21 sectors of
the national economic sub-sector that received the attention of FDI
enterprises. The processing and manufacturing sector seems to be
most noticeable with 188.52 billion USD, equivalent to 58.5% of
total registered capital.
2.2.3. The situation of Vietnamese enterprises in the processing
and manufacturing industries participating into the supply chain
- Domestic enterprises make up the majority, but most of them
are small and micro.
- About 36% of enterprises participating in production networks
(including direct and indirect exports) (Malaysia is 59.7% and
Thailand is 59.3%).
According to CIEM (2013): The technology input supply for
Vietnamese enterprises mainly comes from Asian countries (the
largest is China with 26.4%); up to 98% of SMEs have problems
with capital.
2.3. Factors that impede the ability to participate in the global

supply chain of Vietnam's manufacturing and processing
industries
2.3.1. Limitations related to human resources

Labor productivity of Vietnamese workers is low. One hour of
labor brings out only $ 3.4, 18 times less than that of Singapore ($
49.5), 11 times less than that of South Korea ($ 24.4), three times
less than that of China, just over Laos and Cambodia.
2.3.2. Limitations related to technology
- Medium- and low- tech of production technology of the
processing and manufacturing industry gets high proportion, lagging
dramatically behind the average of the world. The speed of
technological innovation is still low. Most enterprises do not pay
attention to R&D and application deployment.
- Up to 76% of production equipment was imported between
1960 and 1970; 75% of equipment has been fully depreciated; 50%
of the equipment is refreshed. The enterprises that buy used
equipment seem to increase in the period 2011-2013 and only
0,005% of enterprises have science initiative.
2.3.3. Limitations related to capital
- The majority of private enterprises lack capital. The growth rate
of capital is low and unstable.
- The efficiency of investment capital is low.
- Vietnam's investment cost is about double than that of Japan,
South Korea and Taiwan, 1.5 times higher than China's with the
same condition.
2.3.4. The shortcomings and inadequacies of government
support policies
- Some policies do not work effectively, such as technological
innovation policies are not focused and do not make significant

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changes in the awareness and investment activities of technological
innovation of enterprises.
- The "ask-give" mechanism and the regulation on capital support
are not transparent that make enterprises difficultly access to these
funds.

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- Regression - correlation analysis
- Analysis method – ANOVA
3.2. The proposed model and research hypotheses
3.2.1. The proposed model

CHAPTER 3
THE RESEARCH METHODS AND STUDY MODEL OF
FACTORS THAT HINDER THE VIETNAMESE
PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
FROM JOINING IN THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN

3.1. Research Methods
3.1.1. Qualitative research methods
- In-depth interviews with experts, group discussions, analysis of
responses in open-ended questions, document research (analysis,
synthesis of documents) ...
- Since then, the characteristics (indicators) have been identified,
indicating the negative impact of considered factors.
- Reinforce the theoretical framework for research and refine the
research model, and bring out research hypothesis relevant to

research purposes.
- Develop scales as a basis for developing appropriate assessment
methods.
3.1.2. Quantitative research methods
- Statistical survey method
- Descriptive statistics method
- Factor analysis

3.2.2. Research hypotheses
(1) Limitation on skilled human resources hinders Vietnamese
processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global
supply chain.
(2) Limitation on technology capacity hinders Vietnamese
processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global
supply chain.
(3) Limitation on capital hinders Vietnamese processing and
manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain.
(4) The inadequacy of government support policies hinders
Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining
in the global supply chain.


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(5) Limitation of international culture and policy hinders
Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining
in the global supply chain.

impact to the
supply chain
access for
enterprises
that have not
involved in
the supply
chain

(6) Restrictions from the chain leader hinders Vietnamese
processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global
supply chain.
Hypothesis
1

CHAPTER 4
THE ANALYZING RESULTS OF STUDY MODEL OF
FACTORS THAT HINDER THE VIETNAMESE
PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
FROM JOINING IN THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN

Hypothesis
2

4.1. The results of the pilot survey testing the reliability of the
scale of the factors in the research model
The results of the pilot survey show that the factor scales in the
proposed model are reliable and can be used in the official study
after removing some observable variables that are inconsistent with
the measure of the scale.

4.2. Charateristic description of the sample
The author sent 1,000 questionaires, received 600 questionaires in
which there is 594 valid questionaires (408 questionaires of
enterprises that have not involved in the supply chain and 186
questionaires of enterprises that have participated in the supply
chain).
4.3. The summary of test results of research hypotheses
The results of the hypothesis testing in the research model are
given in the table below:
Hypotheses

Content

The impedient

The

Hypothesis
3

Hypothesis
4

Hypothesis
5

Hypothesis
6

Limitation on skilled human

resources
hinders
Vietnamese processing and
manufacturing enterprises
from joining in the global
supply chain
Limitation on technology
capacity hinders Vietnamese
processing
and
manufacturing enterprises
from joining in the global
supply chain
Limitation
on
capital
hinders
Vietnamese
processing
and
manufacturing enterprises
from joining in the global
supply chain
The
inadequacy
of
government support policies
hinders
Vietnamese
processing

and
manufacturing enterprises
from joining in the global
supply chain
Limitation of international
culture and policy hinders
Vietnamese processing and
manufacturing enterprises
from joining in the global
supply chain
Restrictions from the chain
leader hinders Vietnamese
processing
and

Supported

Supported

Supported

Supported

Supported

Not supported

impedient
impact to the
operation of

enterprises
that have
participated
in the supply
chain
Supported
(both
challenging
and
unfavorable
aspect)
Supported
(both
challenging
and
unfavorable
aspect)
Supported
(both
challenging
and
unfavorable
aspect)
Supported
(both
challenging
and
unfavorable
aspect)
Supported

(both
challenging
and
unfavorable
aspect)
Supported
(both
challenging


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manufacturing enterprises
from joining in the global
supply chain

and
unfavorable
aspect)

CHAPTER 5
EVALUATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

The summary of control variable effects are given in the table below:

Control
variable

Owner

Size

Impact
The operation of
The supply chain
enterprises that
access of
have
enterprises that
participated in
have not involved
in the supply chain the supply chain
Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

5.1. Contribution of the thesis
Impacting trend

5.1.1. Theory
The thesis: (a) deepens the concept of supply chain, global supply

State-owned

and
foreign-owned firms
feel less difficult than
private-owned firms
Smaller
enterprises
feel more difficult to
access and participate
in the chain than
larger ones

chain and the supply chain participation; (b) indicates three groups of
factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing
enterprises from joining in the global supply chain, including: (i)
Factors coming from the inside of enterprises; (ii) Factors coming
from the outside of enterprises; (c) analyzes in more detail the
complex relationship between limitation on skilled human resources,
limitation on technology capacity; limitation on capital; inadequacy
of government support policies; limitation of international culture
and policy; restrictions from the chain leader and the global supply
chain participation in terms of obstruction.
5.1.2. Practice
The thesis argues that the impact of factors that hinder
Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining
in the global supply chain in Vietnam is manifested in many ways
(based on the elements constituting factors in the quantitative
analysis). Therefore, focusing on amending the public institution and
government support policies; improving the quality of skilled labor;
removing difficulties in accessing capital; improving technology
capacity ... are the important premise to help businesses overcoming

difficulties to participating deeply in the global supply chain.


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5.1.3. Recommendations for further research

However, the industry in general and the manufacturing and

Firstly, a combination of both time-based research and period-

processing industry in particular is not sustainable and the

based research should be used to complement the results.

competitiveness of industries, industrial products is low. Industrial

Secondly, in order to ensure the representativeness and generality

growth is mainly based on investment. The technological level of

of the results, it is necessary to expand the sample size and select the

enterprises and the economy is far backward compared to other

sample with more scientific methods.

regional countries.

Thirdly, it is necessary to test a number of other factors,

5.3. Some recommendations

especially factors of FDI enterprises such as quality policy, price
policy, time of delivery or impact of domestic economy and global
economy.
5.2. International and domestic context

5.3.1. For the government
(i) Improving the institutions and and support policies of the
government

5.2.1. International context

(ii) Enhancing the quality of skilled workers

(i) Technological progress and innovation have played a greater

(iii) Removing the capital difficulties

role than ever in promoting the economy of every country. (ii)
International competitiveness is the core issue of each country's
industrial development, as the economic gap is narrowing because of

(iv) Enhancing the technological capacity
5.3.2. For the enterprises

the decrease of transport and communication costs. (iii) Products and

(i) Improving the quality of skilled human resources

resources (equipment, capital, technology and skills ...) move around

(ii) Solutions relating to capital

the world more easily and quickly. (iv) Dominant role of
multinational corporations.
5.2.2. Domestic context
The transforming process of the growth model to raise the
competitiveness of the economy is being strengthened with the
drastic reform of administrative procedures, the support for the
development of enterprises, the establishment of a government of
integrity and creation... This will actively support the national
industry in the next time. Economic integration is deepening.

(iii) Solutions relating to technology


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CONCLUSION

further evidence and scientific arguments on the issue of supply

(1) The thesis deepens the concept of supply chain, global supply
chain, global supply chain participation.

(2) The thesis shows groups of factors that hinder firms from
participating in the global supply chain, including: (i) Factos coming
from the inside of enterprises and (ii) Factors coming from the
outside of enterprises.
(3) The thesis analyzes in more detail the complex relationship
between "Limitaion on skilled human resources", "Limitaion on
technology capacity", "Limitation on capital", “Inadequacy of
government support policies”; “Limitation of international culture
and policy”; “Restrictions from the chain leader” and “The global
supply chain participation”.
(4) The thesis analyzes the experiences of Japan, New Zealand,
Australia and one corporation (IKEA) and brings out some lessons
for Viet Nam in enhancing the participation of processing and
manufacturing enterprises in the global supply chain in Vietnam.
(5) The thesis demonstrates the impeding impact of factors:
limitation on skilled human resources; limitation on technology
capacity; limitation on capital; inadequacy of government support
policies; restrictions from the chain leader in different aspects (for
enterprises that have not involved in the supply chain and for
enterprises that have participated in the supply chain) corresponding
to each component of factors.
(6) The thesis proposes solutions and recommendation to help
businesses overcome barriers and increase participation in the global
supply chain in the next time.
The author hopes that the results of the thesis will contribute

chain participation and the factors that influence the supply chain
participation. The results of this thesis add a scientific basis to
economic policy makers, regulators on FDI and trade, and
researchers in management… in a developing country like Vietnam./.