PowerPoint® to accompany
Medical Assisting
Chapter 45
Second Edition
Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
1
Laboratory Equipment and
Safety
Objectives:
451 Describe the purpose of the physician’s office laboratory.
452 List the medical assistant’s duties in the physician’s office
laboratory.
453 Identify important pieces of laboratory equipment.
454 Operate a microscope.
455 Identify the regulatory controls governing procedures
completed in the physician’s office laboratory.
456 Identify measures to prevent accidents.
457 Describe correct waste disposal procedures.
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Laboratory Equipment and
Safety
Objectives (cont.)
458 Describe the need for quality assurance and quality
control programs.
459 Maintain accurate documentation, including all logs
related to quality control.
4510 List common reference materials to consult for
information on procedures performed in the physician’s
office laboratory.
4511 Communicate with patients regarding test preparation
and followup.
4512 Identify the medical assistant’s recordkeeping
responsibilities.
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Introduction
Laboratory
testing is an
testing
integral component
of patient care.
You will learn
safety in the
laboratory
mandated by
OSHA and steps to
aid in preventing
accidents.
You must understand quality assurance, quality control
procedures and required record keeping.
4
Role of Laboratory Testing in
Patient Care
Analysis of blood, urine, or other
body fluids and substances provides
three kinds of information
Regular monitor for
normal results
Specific tests for
diagnosis
To determine and
monitor medications
5
Kinds of Laboratories
Reference Laboratory
Owned and operated by an
organization outside the
practice
Have technological
resources beyond the
(POL)
Physician’s Office
Laboratory (POL)
Laboratory that is operated
from the physician’s office
Processing tests in the POL
produces quicker
turnaround
No need for patient to travel
to other test sites.
Some managed care companies have contracts with
laboratory companies requiring their subscriber to use
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a specific reference laboratory.
Medical Assistant’s Role
You may be responsible for
processing tests done in the POL:
Preparing the patient for the test
Collecting the sample
Completing the tests
Reporting the results
Telling the results to the patient
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Use of Laboratory Equipment
Learn by on the job or formal training.
You may routinely use the following:
Autoclave
Centrifuge
Microscope
Electronic equipment
Equipment used for measurement
8
Name the parts of this
5.Eyepiece
s
Parts of the Microscope
MICROSCOPE.
6.
7.Nosepiec
Objective
es
8.Slide
9.Clips
Stage
10.Condense
11.Iris
r
1.Arm
2.Fine
3.Adjustment
Coarse
Adjustment
12.Light
Source
4.Base
Click the Page Down button to see
answers.
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Safety in the Laboratory
You must always be aware of and observe
guidelines for laboratory safety.
OSHA guidelines
Universal precautions
Hazard communication standards
OSHA Bloodborne pathogens standard
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response Final Rule
10
Universal Precautions
Follow these guidelines;
Wear gloves when handling
body fluids, secretions and
excretions
Change gloves every time
you move from patient to
patient
Wash hands after removing
gloves
11
Hazard Communication
Standard
Biohazard labels
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Hazard labels
12
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens
Standards
Written OSHA Exposure Control Plan
must be created and updated annually
Training must be provided to all
employees as mandated by the
standard that includes use of PPE.
Employees must take hepatitis B
vaccine or decline in writing.
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Hazardous Waste Operation &
Emergency Response Final Rule
Hazardous waste products include:
Blood and blood products
Body fluids and tissue
Cultures
Vaccines
Sharps
Gloves
Specula
Inoculating loops
Paper product contaminated with body fluids
14
Accident Prevention
Guidelines
Physical safety
Fire and electrical safety
Chemical safety
Biologic safety
15
Apply Your Knowledge
How are each of the following pieces of
equipment used in the POL?
1.Autoclave
2.Microscope
3.Centrifuge
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Apply Your Knowledge –Answer
How are each of the following pieces of
equipment used in the POL?
1. Autoclave – sterilize or eradicate all
microorganisms
2. Microscope – examination of blood smears and
identification of microorganisms
3. Centrifuge – spinning a specimen to separate its
component parts
17
Responding to an Accident
You should be able to deal with most
emergencies
There should be a written procedure
to follow in the event of an accident.
Ensure safety for you, your
colleagues and patients.
18
Responding to an Accident
(cont.)
Administer first aid
Take steps to get help
Use appropriate cleaning
products for spilled
chemicals
Do not touch broken glass,
use tongs or broom and
dustpan
19
Housekeeping
Designed to reduce the Immediately clean up
skills or splashes or
risk of disease
contaminated materials
transmission
Guidelines for good
operation procedures
and reduce the risk of
infections
Written policies and
procedures
20
Quality Assurance Programs
Design to monitor the Labs under Health
quality of the patient
Care Financing
care a medical lab
Administration
provides
(HCFA) and CDC
regulations
Clinical laboratory
improvement
amendments (CLIA)
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Certificate of Waiver Tests
Tests pose insignificant risk to the patient if
they are performed or interpreted incorrectly
Procedures involved are simple and accurate
to such a degree that risk of obtaining
incorrect results is minimal
Tests have been approved by the Food and
Drug Administration for use by patients at
home.
22
Quality Assurance Program
Must include :
Quality control
Instrument and equipment maintenance
Proficiency testing
Training and continuing
education
Standard operating
procedures documentation
23
Quality Control
Focus is to ensure accuracy in test results by carefully
monitoring test procedures.
Must follow these procedures:
Calibration regularly of all equipment
Control samples serves as a check on the
accuracy of the test
Reagent Control formulated to react in specific
ways when exposed to special conditions
24
Quality Maintenance
Testing instruments and equipments must be
properly maintained and procedures
documented
Documentation includes:
Careful adherence to procedures to identify
problems
Careful documentation of all procedures.
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