PowerPoint® to accompany
Medical Assisting
Chapter 23
Second Edition
Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
1
Organization of the Body
Objectives
231 Spell, define and correctly use the Key Terms
in this chapter.
232 Describe how the body is organized from
simple to more complex levels.
233 List all body organs systems, their general
functions, and the major organs contained in
each.
234 Define the anatomical positions and explain its
importance.
2
Organization of the Body
Objective (cont.)
235 Use anatomical terminology correctly.
236 Name the body cavities and the organs
contained in each.
237 Explain the abdominal regions.
238 Explain why a basic understanding of
chemistry is important in studying the body.
239 Describe important molecules and compounds
of the human body.
3
Organization of the Body
Objective (cont.)
2310 Label the parts of a cell and list their
functions.
2311 List and describe the ways substances move
across a cell membrane.
2312 Describe the stages of cell division.
2313 Describe the uses of the genetic techniques,
DNA fingerprinting and the polymerase chain
reaction.
4
Organization of the Body
Objective (cont.)
2314 Explain how mutations occur and what
effects they may produce.
2315 Describe the different patterns of
inheritance.
2316 Describe the signs and symptoms of various
genetic conditions.
2317 Describe the locations and characteristics of
the four main tissue types.
5
Introduction
Human body is
complex in its
structure and
function
The body is
organized from the
chemical level all
the way up to the
organ system level.
You will also learn important terminology
used in the clinical setting to describe body
positions and parts.
6
Study of the Body
Anatomy – study of
Anatomy
body structure
Physiology – study of
Physiology
function
Homeostasis –
Homeostasis
maintenance of stable
internal conditions
7
Organizations of the Body
Organism (human)
Levels of Organization
Organ System
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecule
Atom
8
Body Organs and Systems
Structures formed by
organization of two or
more different tissue
types that work together
to carry out specific
functions.
For example the
respiratory system
consists of lungs and
respiratory passages
9
Anatomical Terminology
Group of universal terms used to describe
the location of body parts and various
body regions
Anatomical position – body is standing
upright, facing forward with the arms at
the sides with palms of hands facing
forward
10
Directional Anatomical Terms
Used to identify the position of body
structures compared to other body
surfaces
Click for Table 231 Directional Anatomical Term
Click for Figure 233 Directional Terms
Click for Figure 234 Spatial Terms
Click for Figure 235 Anatomical Terms
11
Table 231 Directional Terms
12
Figure 233 Directional Terms
13
Figure 234 Spatial Terms
14
Figure 235 Anatomical Terms
15
Body Cavities
Dorsal Cavity
Cranial brain
Spinal – spinal cord
Ventral Cavity
Thoracic – lungs, heart, esophagus
and trachea
Abdominal – organs of digestion,
bladder and internal reproductive
organs
16
Apply Your Knowledge
What is the anatomical position?
17
Apply Your Knowledge Answer
What is the anatomical position?
Anatomical position is when the body is
standing upright, facing forward with the
arms at the sides with palms of hands facing
forward
18
Chemistry of Life
Study of what matter is composed of and
how matter changes.
When studying anatomy and physiology
you need a basic understanding of
chemistry because body structures and
functions result from chemical changes
that occur.
19
Molecules and Compounds
Molecules – two or more atoms
Molecules
chemically combine
Compounds – two or more atoms of more
Compounds
than one element combine
Water is a compound
Water is critical to both chemical and
physical processes in human
physiology and is about 2/3 of your
body weight.
20
Molecules and Compounds
(cont.)
Others:
Electrolytes – movement of ions
into and out of body structures
regulate or trigger many
physiologic states and activities
Acids
Bases
21
Biochemistry
Study of matter and
chemical reactions in
the body
Organic – matter
containing carbon
and hydrogen
Inorganic – does not
contain hydrogen or
carbon
22
Cells
Basic unit of life
Body has millions of
cells
Three main parts of a
cell:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
23
Apply Your Knowledge
The physician has encouraged the
patient to drink 8 glasses of water a day.
Explain to her why this is important.
24
Apply Your Knowledge Answer
The physician has encouraged the
patient to drink 8 glasses of water a day.
Explain to her why this is important.
Water is critical to both chemical and physical
processes in human physiology and is about
2/3 of the body weight
25