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INTRODUCTION
1. Reasons for the study
Educating, persuading (EP) and setting example are the basic
working methods of the Communist Party of Vietnam, thereby EP for
the mass are the most important task of officials and party members,
through which to gather and direct the mass to make revolution.
Therefore, in order to fulfil the task, all officials and party members
must have the capacity of EP and the method of EP.
PI (PI) in the infantry divisions are crucial parts of the military
Party cadres, playing a particularly important role in the process of
building, fighting and developing of the military, especially building
a strong army in terms of politics.
Since the implementation of the Politburo's Resolution 51-NQ /
TW, the IX Session "On continuing to improve the Party's leadership
mechanism, implement the one-person regime associated with the
implementation of the political commissar and political regimes of
the Vietnam People's Army" up to now, the position and role of PI
continue to be affirmed and upgraded, and also set higher
requirements on quality, capacity, methods, working style of PI. The
political staff in general and PI in particular have been interested in
training, fostering and practicing in practice, PI itself has strived to
improve the quality, capacity and working style to meet the
requirements of responsibilities and duties, commensurate with their
position and role. Therefore, the working capacity in general, the
capacity of EP in particular of PI has been gradually improved to
meet the assigned functions and tasks. However, besides the achieved
results, the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions also revealed
many limitations; activities to improve the EP capacity of PI in the
infantry divisions are still limited and inadequate. Many PI do not
clearly show the EP ability for officers and soldiers under the

authority; some PI hesitates to contact and talk with the soldiers and
handle working relationships and problems that arise mechanically,
rigidly, disregard the mobilization of EP, prefer to use coercive
measures, military administrative sanctions according to orders, rules
of the military. The activities to improve the EP capacity of PI in the
infantry divisions remain inadequate in terms of leadership, direction,
awareness and responsibility of the subjects and the participants
regarding content, form and measures.


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At present, in the globalization and international integration
trend, the hostile forces continue to promote the implementation of
"peaceful evolution" in the field of thought, theory, ideology culture; the negative and social evils and market mechanisms are
strongly affecting officials and soldiers’ awareness, ideology,
emotions, morality, and lifestyle. Meanwhile, the military's task of
building and fighting, building a politically strong army in the new
situation; requirements to improve the quality and efficiency of the
party and political work, the quality of political and ideological
education, and promoting the role of exemplary cadres and party
members have been setting increasingly high requirements for
building a contingent of political cadres, improving the EP capacity
of PI in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army.
For the above-mentioned reasons, the PhD student decides to
choose the issue: "Enhancing the educational and persuasive
capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions of the
Vietnam People's Army today" as his doctoral thesis specialized in
Party building and State government. This thesis is of great practical
and theoretical significance, contributing to building a strong team of
PI so as to fulfil every duty and task assigned.

2. Purposes and tasks of the study
Purposes
The thesis seeks to clarify the theoretical and practical issues
on improving the EP capacity of PI and proposes solutions to
improving the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions in the
Vietnam People's Army today.
Tasks
- The thesis gives an overview of the research works related to
the thesis.
- The thesis clarifies the theoretical and practical issues on the
capacity of EP and enhancing the capacity of EP of PI in the infantry
divisions in the Vietnam People's Army.
- The thesis assesses the current situation, indicates the causes,
and generalizes some experiences to improve the EP capacity of PI in
the infantry divisions in the People's Army.
- The thesis proposes requirements and solutions to improve
the capacity of EP of PI in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam
People's Army today.
3. Object and scope of the study
Object


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Enhancing the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions in the
Vietnam People's Army.
Scope
The thesis focuses on researching the EP capacity and
improving the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions of military
regions and legions in the Vietnam People's Army. The survey was
conducted by a referendum mainly composed of superior officers,

counterparts, a section of non-commissioned officers and soldiers in
a number of army infantry divisions and a part of PI training at the
Political Officers School. The surveys and data are mainly from 2006
to 2019; the thesis's solutions are applicable up to 2025.
4. Theoretical, practical basis and methodology
Theoretical basis
The thesis is conducted basing on Marxism – Leninism’s
theory, Ho Chi Minh’s ideology, the Communist Party of Vietnam’s
guidelines and views on building a new type of army of the working class,
building the strong Vietnam People's Army in terms of politics, party work,
political work, political commissars, and PI in the military.
Practical basis
The thesis is based on the practical implementation of duties of
PI, the current situation of EP capacity, practice of conducting
education and TP and activities to improve the EP capacity of PI;
practical training, retraining, training quality and capacity of PI in the
army. The thesis also bases on the researches and summaries of
military construction and combat practices; annual reports on review
of party work and political work units; surveys made by the thesis’s
author during the process of conducting the study.
Methodology
The thesis is based on the methodology of Marxism Leninism, the thesis uses a combination of research methods of
specialized and interdisciplinary sciences, in which, focusing on the
use of analytical, synthesizing and logical methods, history, statistics,
comparisons, surveys, practical reviews and expert consultancy.
5. New contributions of the study
The thesis formulates and interprets the conception of the EP
capacity of PI in the infantry divisions and enhancing the EP capacity
of PI in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army.
The thesis gives an overview of some experiences on

improving the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions in the
Vietnam People's Army.


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The thesis seeks to propose some feasible contents and
solutions to improving the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions
in the Vietnam People's Army today.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the study
The thesis’s results contribute to further clarifying the theoretical
and practical issues on the capacity of EP, improving the capacity of EP
of PI in infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army and it also
provides more scientific bases to help the Party committees, party
organizations, political commissars, PI, commanders, political agencies
apply to enhance the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions.
Simultaneously, it can be used as references in education, training, and
scientific research at military schools.
7. The structure of the study
The thesis includes: Introduction, 4 chapters (9 periods),
conclusions, list of published scientific works related to the thesis
topic, list of references and appendices.
Chapter 1
AN OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED
RESEARCH SITUATION
1.1. The works abroad related to the thesis
1.1.1. The works related to the educational and persuasive
capacity, and enhancing the educational and persuasive capacity
Here are some typical works: Democracy and education by
John Dewey; The psychological qualities of the teacher by Ph.N. Education
in Magica; Social Psychology in Management by V.I.Lea-Replica; The

qualities of an effective teacher by James H.Stronge; the art of leadership
by Tran Long Van; the art of public speaking by Raymond De Saint
Laurent; IQ in the art of persuasion by Kurt W. Mortensen. These works
focus on the educational and persuasive capacity, the methods of EP and
measures to improve the EP in the reality.
1.1.2. The works related to the educational and
persuasive capacity and enhancing the educational
and persuasive capacity in the army
Typically: Party work and political work in the Soviet armed
forces 1918-1973 (Brief history) by A.A.Epe-pi; Lenin discussed the
education of Soviet soldiers by I.D.Mo-Snhin; The issue of the Party
leadership army in some socialist countries by the Research
Committee of the Vietnam People's Army, collected and gathered
from documents of the Communist Party in socialist countries;
V.I.Lenin, Communist Party of the Soviet Union discusses party-


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political work in the armed forces by V.Mi-Khai-Tire; The
curriculum of party work, political work in the academy, the Chinese
People's Liberation Army School in the new period edited by Chuong
Tu Nghi; Politics of the People's Liberation Army (2003); Improving
the quality of political education for non-commissioned officers and
soldiers in the current Lao People's Army infantry regiments by
Duong Cham Pa; Building a contingent of current Royal Cambodian
Army personnel by Neang Phat. These works have focused on the
study of the position, role and meaning of ideological and political
education, the EP capacity and the necessary factors for the officials
to educate and persuade their soldiers.
1.2. The works in the country related to the thesis

1.2.1. The works related to the educational and persuasive
capacity and enhancing the educational and persuasive capacity
Typical works are listed here: The work of ideology by Dao
Duy Quat; Ho Chi Minh's method and style Dang Xuan Ky; Means
of communication in management activities by Le Thi Bung; Ho Chi
Minh's thought on education by Tran Dinh Tuan. These works show
that, in order to carry out the ideological, managerial and educational
work, managers and educators must have the managerial, educational
and persuasive competence. Simultaneously, these works also
proposed solutions to enhancing the officials’ EP capacity.
1.2.2. The works related to building a contingent of political
officials and instructors
There are typical works: Political commissar, politician regime
in the Vietnam People's Army by the Institute of Social Sciences and
Humanities; Building a contingent of political commissar and
politicians in the army in the current Ho Chi Minh ideology by
Nguyen Quang Phat; Fostering political character for the current
contingent of political cadres by Hoang Van Thanh; Social status of
politician of the People's Army of Vietnam by Pham Xuan Hao; The
prestige of politicians in the Vietnam People's Army by Do Manh
Ton; Experience of political affairs and political instructors by Pham
Hong Cu; Summarizing the implementation of the political
commissar and politic regime under Resolution 51-NQ / TW of the
IXth Politburo by Nguyen Quang Phat; the position, the role of
political commissar, politician in military units in the spirit of
Resolution 51 of the Politburo by To Xuan Sinh; President Ho Chi
Minh's advice on moral qualities and political status in the army Le


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Huy Binh; Political guts - basic standards in training political
commissar and politician by Ho Kiem Viet, etc.
1.2.3. The works related to the educational and persuasive
capacity and enhancing the educational and persuasive capacity of
political officials and instructors
Typically: Fostering the ideological working method of the
contingent of grassroots political units in the army today by Pham Van
Huynh; Enhancing the political education capacity of political cadres at
the grassroots People's Army unit by Nguyen Van Huu; The persuasive
capacity of politicians in the Vietnam People's Army by Nguyen Van
Kien; Communication skills of politicians in the Vietnam People's Army
by Nhu Van Thao; Fostering the capacity of party work, political work
of the contingent of politicians in training units ready to fight in our
army today by To Xuan Sinh; Fostering methods and working styles of
the contingent of the Vietnam People's Army politic force in the current
period according to Ho Chi Minh's thought by Tran Thu Truyen;
President Ho Chi Minh's viewpoint on using military education method
by Pham Minh Thu; Politicians must set examples in everything
according to Ho Chi Minh ideology by Le Van Lam, etc.
1.3. An overview of the thesis-related published works and
the issues need dealing with in the thesis
1.3.1. An overview of the thesis-related published works
Firstly, these works have explained and clarified the
position, responsibilities and duties of PI; the theoretical and
practical issues on building a contingent of political cadres,
political commissars and officials; the quality, competence,
method, and working style of PI. Of which, a number of
scientific works have been in-depth research on specific issues
such as improving leadership culture; fostering the personality,
prestige and position of PI; leadership capacity; political leading

capacity; method of ideological work; youth work capacity;
political teaching capacity; ability to persuade; the art of
communication skills; capacity of public speaking ... of the
contingent of political officials, political commissars, and
officials Secondly, these scientific works have researched,
conducted field surveys, assessed the situation, clarified the
advantages, limitations and shortcomings of qualities,
capabilities, methods, manners and styles of political staff,
political commissar, and PI; specify issues that need further
study and settlement; overview of experience and application


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direction in the following years. Thirdly, the scientific works
have predicted the impact of the objective and subjective factors
on the research object in both favourable and difficult directions,
positive and negative; identify objectives, directions,
requirements, views, principles, guidelines and propose solutions
in improving the quality, capacity, methods, manners and styles
of political staff , political commissar, and PI.
1.3.2. The issues need further dealing with in the thesis
Firstly, the thesis clarifies the basic issues of PI such as
position, role, responsibility, duties, powers, working relationship,
quality, capacity, and working style; the thesis seeks to interpret the
characteristics of the PI contingent in the infantry divisions, as a basis
for in-depth study of the capacity of the PI contingent in the infantry
divisions in the Vietnam People's Army. Secondly, the thesis clarifies
the concept of EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions of the
Vietnam People's Army and analyses the factors making up the EP
capacity of PI the infantry divisions of the Vietnam People's Army.

Thirdly, the thesis explains and clarifies the conception of
improving the capacity of EP; the issues with principle of
improving the EP capacity; criteria for evaluating the EP capacity of
PI in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army. Fourthly,
the thesis conducts the practical surveys, assessing the current
situation of improving the EP of PI in the infantry divisions,
indicating the advantages, and shortcomings; identifying the causes
of the advantages and limitations; summing up experience on
improving the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions in the
Vietnam People's Army. Fifthly, the thesis conducts the forecasting of
the objective and subjective factors, advantages and difficulties
affecting the capacity of EP of PI and identifies the requirements to
improve the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam
People's Army today. Sixthly, the thesis proposes feasible solutions to
improving the EP capacity of PI the in infantry divisions in the
Vietnam People's Army today.
Conclusion of chapter 1
The PI and their capacity in the revolutionary army have
always been paid due attention by several scientists, leaders and
managers, both at home and abroad. Until now, there have been a


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number of works on the quality, capacity, methods and the working
style of PI related to the thesis.
The above-mentioned works have investigated deeply and
comprehensively the capacity in general and specific types of
capacities of PI in particular. From several different perspectives,
these works have mentioned some issues of EP, and improving the
capacity of EP of PI. These works have great practical and theoretical

significance for the author to refer, acquire, and inherit in order to
find new things in the thesis. The overview of the thesis-related
works helps the author identify the issues need focusing on, while
helping the author improve his knowledge and sufficient capacity to
carry out this thesis. However, there have been no works studying
systematically, deeply and comprehensively on the capacity of EP of
PI in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army from the
perspective of Political Science, Party building and State
government. Thus, the topic "Enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions in
the Vietnam People's Army today" is completely independent, not
overlapping with any works published previously.
Chapter 2
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES ON
ENHANCING THE EDUCATIONAL AND PERSUASIVE
CAPACITY OF POLITICAL INSTRUCTORS
IN THE INFANTRY DIVISIONS OF
THE VIETNAM PEOPLE'S ARMY
2.1. The theoretical and practical issues on the educational
and persuasive capacity of political instructors in the infantry
divisions of the Vietnam People's Army
2.1.1. The infantry division and political instructors in the
infantry divisions of the Vietnam People's Army
* The infantry division of Vietnam People's Army
The Infantry Division is a type of organization in the
organization and staffing system of the Vietnam People's Army,
which is a direct upper-level unit established in military zones and
legions; be staffed with troops, weapons, and technical equipment
according to regulations; and is the main fighting force of the
Vietnam People's Army.

The functions of infantry divisions:
Infantry Division is a type of organization in the People's
Army of Vietnam, is the main fighting force of the army, so it has


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all the functions of the army, namely: fighting, working and
manufacturing. The good performance of the functions of the
infantry division is the responsibility of the committees, the party
organizations, the leading cadres, the authorities and the
organizations and forces in the infantry division.
The tasks of the infantry divisions:
First, training, being ready to fight; Second, building a strong
and comprehensive unit; Third, preventing "peaceful evolution",
overthrowing riot, participating in rescue, rescue, preventing and
overcoming consequences of natural disasters and disasters; Fourth,
conducting the mobilization, contributing to strengthening the close
relationship between the army and the people; Fifth, taking care of
the material and spiritual life of officials, soldiers and employees,
well implement policies for military and rear forces; Sixth, fulfilling a
variety of different tasks assigned.
* Political instructors in the infantry divisions of the Vietnam
People's Army
PI team in infantry divisions is a collection of PI companies
and battalions; are those who take the lead in politics, take
responsibility before their superiors and committees for all activities
of party and political work; directly directing and organizing the
implementation of party and political work according to their
functions and tasks; together with the construction commander and
organize the implementation of the unit's plan; operate under the

leadership and direction of the party committees, the presiding
officers, the political agencies at the higher levels and the party
committees at the same level.
Their responsibilities:
1) PI is the person in charge of politics, responsible to the party
committee, political commissar, PI, the commander at the higher
level, the party committee (the Party cell) at the same level for all
activities of party and political work. 2) PI directly conducts party
and political work in the unit. 3) PI and the commander proposed the
policy and leadership measures for the battalion party committee and
cell company branch to decide; formulate plans, organize the
implementation of the tasks and take responsibility before the
superior and their committees for all activities of the unit, build a
comprehensively strong unit, and fulfil every task assigned.
Their tasks:


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1) Considering and proposing to the party battalion's party
committee and cell company branch to decide on guidelines and
measures to direct all activities and work aspects of the unit.
Participate in developing and organizing the implementation of the
common plan; formulate plans, directly conduct and guide the
implementation of party and political work in the unit, proposing
measures to carry out party and political work to the political
commissar, superior supervisor of the content. 2) Conducting
political and ideological work, building a contingent of cadres and
soldiers who have strong and strong political will, ethics, clean
and healthy lifestyles, strict self-discipline and readiness Receive
and complete all assigned tasks. 3) Building up the Party

Committee, the branch of the TSVM, the vanguard party
members, exemplary, with comprehensive leadership ability and
high fighting power, united, and strictly disciplining the Party to
perform successfully every task in every situation. 4) Building a
strong and strong contingent of staff in the unit capable of
fulfilling the assigned duties and tasks, contributing to training,
fostering and creating a source of cadres for superior levels. 5)
Protecting internal political affairs, building a politically clean
unit and a safety unit in a safe area. 6) Performing mobilization
work and special propaganda. 7) Gilding the units to strictly abide
by the policies of the Party and the State, to strictly comply with
the policies towards cadres, soldiers and rear military policies. 8)
Performing the mass work, setting up military councils and
implementing democratic regulations at the unit. 9) Carrying out
party and political work, focusing on training, combat readiness,
fighting, formulating, discipline training, prevention of "peaceful
evolution" strategy, and defence against natural disasters. 10)
Participating in military and social sciences research. 11) Conducting
preliminary and final reviews, drawing experience from activities of
party and political work; management, use of funds, equipment,
supplies for party and political work
The working relationship of PI
1) Relationship between PI and superior party committees is the
relationship between obedience and leadership. 2) The relationship
between the PI and the political commissar, PI, the commander, the chief
political officer is the relationship between subordinates and superiors,


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between obedience and management, direction, guidance. 3) The

relationship between the PI and the party committee, the cell at the same
level is the relationship between obedience and leadership. 4) The
relationship between the PI and the commander of the same level is the
working coordination relationship. 5) The relationship between the PI and
the deputy commander and the military commander at the same level is
the relationship between the upper and lower levels. 6) The relationship
between the PI and the executive committee and the secretary of the
branch, inter-branch union is the relationship between the chairman of
party and political work and the leadership of the delegation and the
person in charge of the mass work in the company group. 7) The
relationship between the PI and the military council is the relationship
between the presiding officer of party and political work and the
representative office of the entire army in the unit. 8) Relationship
between PI with the Party committees, authorities, local mass
organizations and relevant agencies and units where the garrison is located
is a working coordination relationship.
The basic requirements on quality, capacity, method, and
working style of PI
First, the PI in infantry divisions must be a representative of
political quality. Second, PI in infantry divisions must be exemplary in
morality, lifestyle, highly disciplined, a centre of solidarity and high
credibility in the party committees, party organizations and units. Third,
PI in infantry divisions must have comprehensive knowledge and
capacity, in-depth knowledge about Party building, good at party and
political work at division level. Fourth, the PI in the infantry divisions
must have a scientific working method, a person of party nature, high
principle, democratic manner, understanding of reality, and their
speeches go along with their actions.
The characteristics of political instructors in the
infantry divisions:

First, PI in infantry divisions was formed from various
sources; have appropriate age and age, have good health; have
qualifications, capacity of party and political work, management
capacity, command of the team. Second, PI in the infantry divisions
often contact, eat, live and live with the officers and soldiers in the
unit; directly direct and conduct party and political work in the unit.
Third, PI in infantry divisions was born and raised in peaceful


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country conditions, not much experience in social activities, military
activities, not through combat, little experience in difficult and fierce
situation. Fourth, PI in infantry divisions is influenced by the
psychological characteristics, personality, customs, and culture of the
locality they were born and raised.
2.1.2. The conceptions, forming factors, manifestations, path
of formation, development of the educational and persuasive
capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions of the
Vietnam People's Army
* The conception of the educational and persuasive
capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions of
the Vietnam People's Army
The EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions in the People's
Army of Vietnam is the sum of knowledge, experience, skills,
techniques, qualities, status, prestige, qualities, talents of PI,
expressed by words, actions, impacts on the object to make a positive
change in awareness, perspective, ideas, attitudes, behaviours,
develop personality qualities, helping them self-affirmation,
progress, maturity, and successfully fulfil every task assigned.
* The factors forming the educational and persuasive capacity

of political instructors in the infantry divisions of the Vietnam
People's Army
First, the system of knowledge; Second, practical experience;
Third, skills, techniques of communication, behaviour, and social
relationships; Fourth, professional skills and techniques; Fifth, political,
moral, psychological, and professional military qualities. Sixth, position
and social prestige; Seventh, quality and talent each individual.
* The manifestations of the educational and persuasive
capacity of the political instructors in the infantry divisions of the
Vietnam People's Army
First, cognitive ability; Second, the capacity to carry out the
activities of party and political work, Third, management capacity,
political ideological orientation; Fourth, the ability to solve problems
that arise from officials and soldiers under their authority; Fifth, PI’s
political qualities, ethics, lifestyles, methods and working style.
* The path of forming and developing the educational and
persuasive capacity of the political instructors in the infantry
divisions of the Vietnam People's Army


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First, the capacity of education and training of PI was formed
and developed during the training process at schools in the army;
Second, the capacity of education and training of PI is formed and
developed through the training and practice of conducting education
and training at grassroots units; Third, the capacity of education and
training of PI is formed and developed through the process of selfstudy, perseverance and perseverance of each individual.
2.2. The conceptions, characteristics, principles and criteria
for evaluating the enhancement of the educational and persuasive
capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions of the

Vietnam People's Army
2.2.1. The conceptions and characteristics of the
enhancement of the educational and persuasive capacity of
political instructors in the infantry divisions of the Vietnam
People's Army
* The conceptions of enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of the political instructors in the infantry
divisions in the Vietnam People's Army
Enhancing the EP capacity of PI team in infantry
divisions in the People's Army of Vietnam is the overall
guideline, mode of operation of organizations and forces
affecting awareness, responsibility, capacity of the
subject and forces involved, to the elements that make
up the PI's EP, making the PI's EP capacity of infantry
divisions in the Vietnam People's Army rise to a level
new, higher, better meet the requirements of
responsibilities and tasks assigned.
The purpose of improving the EP capacity of PI team in
infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army aims to raise the
capacity of PI education and training to a new higher level,
contributing to improving the overall capacity of PI team, better meet
the requirements of responsibilities and assigned tasks. The subjects
to improve the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions are the
party committee, the party organization, the leading cadres, the
political agencies at all levels, but directly at the grassroots units and
higher levels. The forces involved in improving the EP capacity of PI
team in infantry divisions include the contingent of cadres, soldiers,
mass organizations and military council in the unit; is the party
committee, the government, the local socio-political organizations
where PI is regularly exposed. The object of enhancing the EP

capacity is PI in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army.


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The content of enhancing the EP capacity of PI team in
infantry divisions of the Vietnam People's Army
First, improving knowledge; second, improving practical life
experience; third, training skills, methods, working style; fourth,
fostering and training in political, moral, psychological, and
professional military qualities.
The forms and methods of enhancing the EP capacity of PI
team in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army
First, organize training courses for political officials, professional
training of party and political work, contests; Second, through practical
work, the EP practices of PI team; Third, through the briefings of party
and political work, the mission deployment conferences, the preliminary
meeting, the training summary, the review of party and political work at
grassroots units; Fourth, the higher level fosters the subordinates; Fifth,
through self-learning, self-training of PI themselves.
The characteristics of enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions in
the Vietnam People's Army
First, improving the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions
was conducted in peacetime conditions, the army was built in the
direction of revolution, regularity, elite, and step by step
modernization; Second, improving the EP capacity of PI in infantry
divisions is in-service training, conducted in association with the
unit's activities; Third, improving the EP capacity of PI team is
conducted in the context that PI is increasingly developing and
maturing. Fourth, improving the EP capacity of PI team in infantry

divisions is directly affected by the negative and social evils and
conspiracy and anti-sabotage tactics of these hostile forces.
2.2.2. The principal issues and criteria for evaluating the
educational and persuasive capacity of political instructors in the
infantry divisions of the Vietnam People's Army
* The principal issues of enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of political instructors in infantry divisions of the
Vietnam People's Army
First, attaching importance to thoroughly grasping and
creatively applying the Party's viewpoint on building a contingent of
military cadres in the new period; Second, improving the EP capacity
of PI in the infantry divisions under the leadership of the party
committees, party organizations, the management and direction of the
presiding cadres and guidance of political authority; Third, improving
the EP capacity of PI in infantry divisions in the army must be
conducted in a comprehensive, comprehensive, but focused, focused
manner; Fourth, improving the EP capacity of PI team in infantry
divisions associated with the implementation of the political duties of


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the units, positions and duties of PI; Fifth, improving the capacity of
EP must combine closely with improving the comprehensive
capacity, methods and working style; fostering and training the
political, ethical and lifestyle qualities of PI.
* The criteria for evaluating the enhancement of the
educational and persuasive capacity of political instructors in the
infantry divisions of the Vietnam People's Army
First, awareness, responsibility, capacity of subjects,
organizations and forces participating in improving the EP capacity

of PI; Second, the level of identifying and implementing content,
forms and measures to improve the EP capacity of PI; Third, the
transformation of EP capacity and the results of fulfilling the duties
and duties of PI in the infantry divisions.
Conclusion of chapter 2
The Infantry Division of Vietnam People's Army is a type of
organization in the organization and staffing system of the Vietnam
People's Army. The main task of the infantry division is to train, to be
ready to fight, and to improve the overall quality and fighting
strength, meeting the task’s requirements in every circumstance. PI in
the infantry divisions is an important component of PI in the army;
they take the leading role in politics, be responsible before their
superiors and committees for all activities of party and political work;
directing and organizing the implementation of party and political
work according to their functions and tasks. The EP activities take
place regularly during the working process of PI.
The capacity of EP is a specific capacity; one of the important
factors making up the capacity of PI in the infantry divisions; it is
made up of a combination of several elements, and manifested by the
ability to perceive and organize the performance of missions and
exemplary models of political, ethical, psychological and military
professional qualities. Thus, enhancing the EP capacity of PI in the
current infantry divisions is an objective requirement and of urgent
significance at the present.
Chapter 3
THE CURRENT SITUATION AND SOME
EXPERIENCES ON ENHANCING THE EDUCATIONAL
AND PERSUATIVE CAPACITY OF POLITICAL
INSTRUCTORS OF THE VIETNAM PEOPLE'S ARMY

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3.1. The current situation of enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of political instructors in the infantry
divisions of the Vietnam People's Army
3.1.1. The advantages
Firstly, the vast majority of organizations and forces
have the right awareness, high responsibility and ability
to meet the requirements of enhancing the EP capacity
of PI in the infantry divisions.
Secondly, identifying the right contents, forms and measures to
enhance the EP capacity of PI in infantry divisions and to implement
them seriously with significant achievements.
Thirdly, the EP capacity of the PI in the infantry
divisions has changed, progressed, resulting in the
completion of the duties of the PI staff.
3.1.2. The limitations and shortcomings
Firstly, some of the Party committees, party
organizations, political commissars, PI, political agencies
are not fully aware; have not promoted its role and
responsibilities well; leadership capacity, direction,
organization activities to improve the EP capacity of PI is
inadequate.
Secondly, some contents, forms and measures to improve the
EP capacity of PI in some units have not been closely monitored and
are slow to be renovated; the implementation results fail to meet the
objectives and requirements set out.
Thirdly, the EP capacity of a PI division is inadequate,
resulting in the insufficient fulfilment of duties of PI.
3.2. The causes and some experiences in enhancing the

educational and persuasive capacity of political instructors in the
infantry divisions of the Vietnam People's Army
3.2.1. The causes of these achievements
Firstly, the attention and leadership of the Central Military
Commission, the Ministry of Defence and the General Department of
Politics for building a politically strong army, building a contingent
of political instructors and officials in the army
Secondly, the leadership attention of the party committees and
party organizations; the direction and guidance of the presiding
cadres and political agencies at all levels for enhancing the EP
capacity of PI in infantry divisions.


17
Thirdly, the organizations and forces in the infantry
division have promoted the role and responsibility to
enhance the EP capacity of PI.
Fourthly, the vast majority of PI in infantry divisions is trained
basically, with knowledge, qualifications, and a sense of selflearning, striving and training to improve their EP capacity.
3.2.2. The causes of the limitations and shortcomings
Firstly, the impact of the downside of the market mechanism,
the decline in political and moral ideology, the lifestyle of a part of
cadres and party members, "self-evolution" and "selftransformation" in internal; the resistance of hostile forces in the
field of thought and theory.
Secondly, the interest and leadership capacity of some party
committees, party organizations, leading officials and political
agencies have sometimes failed to meet the requirements to improve
the EP capacity of PI.
Thirdly, a division of PI in infantry divisions is not
really active, self-conscious in self-study, cultivating to

improve the capacity of EP.
Fourthly, the coordination and synergies between the school
and the unit; between agencies and units in training, fostering and
enhancing the EP capacity of PI in infantry divisions at times is not
rhythmic, synchronized, limited, and insufficient.
3.2.3. Some experiences in enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions
of the Vietnam People's Army
Firstly, to create a unity of awareness and responsibility of the
Party Committee, the Party organization, the leading officials, the
political agencies at all levels to improve the EP capacity of the PI in
the infantry divisions.
Secondly, enhancing the EP capacity of PI is associated with
building strong organizations and enhancing the capacity of the
contingent of officials in the unit.
Thirdly, sticking to reality, attaching importance to renewing
the contents, forms and measures to improve the EP capacity of PI in
infantry divisions.


18
Fourthly, combining closely the fostering of organizations and
forces with promoting the positive and self-conscious spirit of PI in
enhancing the capacity of EP.
Conclusion of chapter 3
In the past few years, the activities of enhancing the EP
capacity of the PI in the infantry divisions in the People's Army of
Vietnam have been paid due attention to with significant
achievements. However, the activities to enhance the EP capacity of
PI in infantry divisions remain limitations and shortcomings in terms

of awareness and responsibility; in leadership, direction and
organization of implementation; and preliminary review and lessons.
The capacity of EP of some PI is limited compared to their tasks’
requirements, resulting in low task completion. The limitations and
shortcomings in enhancing the EP capacity of PI in the infantry
divisions are caused by both objective and subjective factors, but
firstly the responsibility belongs to the subjects, organizations,
different forces involved and PI themselves. Thus, enhancing the EP
capacity of PI in the Vietnam People's Army infantry divisions is a
matter of urgent with its practical and theoretical significance.
Chapter 4
REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCING
THE EDUCATIONAL AND PERSUASIVE CAPACITY OF
POLITICAL INSTRUCTORS IN
THE INFANTRY REGIMENTS OF THE VIETNAM
PEOPLE’S ARMY TODAY
4.1. The influential factors and requirements for enhancing
the educational and persuasive capacity of political instructors in
the infantry divisions of the Vietnam People's Army today
4.1.1. The factors affecting the educational and persuasive
capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions of the
Vietnam People's Army today
Firstly, the impact of the country's economic, political,
cultural, social, defines and security situation in the context of
globalization and international integration. Secondly, the task is
required to protect the Socialist Fatherland in the new situation
and direction, the goal of building a strong political army today.
Thirdly, plots and tricks of "peaceful evolution" in the field of
thought, theory, thought - culture of hostile forces. Fourthly, the
development requires the task of building politically strong infantry

19
divisions as the basis for improving the division's overall quality and
fighting strength.
4.1.2. The requirements for enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions
of the Vietnam People's Army today
Firstly, improving the EP capacity of PI in the infantry
divisions must follow the Party's political and military lines and the
viewpoint of building cadres in the new situation. Secondly,
improving the EP capacity of PI in infantry divisions must be based
on the requirements of the infantry division's duties; positions, roles,
responsibilities and duties of PI, ensuring that the PI fulfils its
assigned duties and tasks. Thirdly, improving the EP capacity of PI in
infantry divisions must be conducted regularly and continuously, with
comprehensive contents, forms, and measures consistent with the
capabilities and conditions of each infantry division. Fourthly,
improving the EP capacity of PI in infantry divisions must promote
the synergy of organizations and forces inside and outside the unit.
4.2. The solutions to enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of political instructors in the infantry
divisions of the Vietnam People's Army today
4.2.1. Create changes in the awareness and responsibility of
organizations and forces for enhancing the educational and
persuasive capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions
of the Vietnam People's Army today
In order to create changes in awareness and responsibility of
organizations and forces for improving the EP capacity of PI in
infantry divisions, the following contents must be well implemented:

Firstly, raising the awareness of organizations, the force of the
position and the role of PI in the military construction career.
Secondly, raising the awareness of organizations and forces on the
capacity of EP; the importance of the EP capacity of PI. Thirdly,
raising the awareness of organizations and forces on the current
status of the PI's EP capacity and the need to improve the EP capacity
of PI in infantry divisions. Fourthly, organizations and forces are well
aware of their roles and responsibilities in improving the EP capacity
of PI in infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's Army.
The forms and measures to raise awareness and responsibility
of organizations and forces


20
Firstly, educating and raising awareness and accountability
for organizations and forces through meetings and discussions.
Secondly, organizing training courses, retraining cadres, seminars,
exchanging experiences to educate to raise awareness,
responsibilities of subjects and participating forces. Thirdly,
raising awareness and responsibility of organizations and forces in
improving the EP capacity of PI through practical task
implementation. Fourthly, raising awareness and responsibility of
the participating organizations and forces through organizing a
preliminary and final meeting to perform the tasks.
4.2.2. Renew the contents, forms and measures to enhance
the educational and persuasive capacity of political instructors in
the infantry divisions of the Vietnam People's Army today
This solution is of paramount importance that contributes to
improving the EP capacity of the PI in the current infantry divisions.
* Renewing the contents of enhancing the EP capacity of PI

Firstly, supplementing and updating new knowledge to meet
the requirements of improving the EP capacity of PI in infantry
divisions. Secondly, renewing the contents of training methods, skills,
techniques of the EP of PI. Thirdly, renewing the contents to transfer
experience to PI. Fourthly, renewing the contents of fostering and
training political qualities, moral qualities and psychological qualities
for the PI in the infantry divisions.
* Renewing the forms and measures to improve the EP
capacity of PI in infantry divisions
Firstly, renovating the forms and methods of organizing
training courses for political officials, professional training of party
work, political work to improve the EP capacity of PI. Secondly,
renovating the forms and methods of organizing briefings, deploying
tasks, reviewing and summarizing party work, political work to
improve the EP capacity of PI. Thirdly, innovating the forms and
methods of superior levels to foster subordinates to improve the EP
capacity of PI. Fourthly, renovating the forms of self-learning and
training to improve the capacity of the PI in the infantry divisions.
4.2.3. Closely combine the educational and
persuasive capacity with fostering and training
political, ethical, and psychological qualities, the
working methods styles of political instructors in
the infantry divisions in the Vietnam People's
Army today
It is vital to well implement the following contents and
measures in order to combine the capacity of EP with fostering and


21
training political and ethical qualities and the working style of PI in

infantry divisions:
Firstly, the Party committees and party organizations have
determined the leadership policy combining the capacity of EP with
training and fostering qualities, competencies, methods and working
style of PI. Secondly, clearly defining the contents, forms and
measures to improve the capacity of EP and fostering and training the
qualities, competencies, methods and working style of the staffs in
the plan of training program, of the unit. Thirdly, synchronously
carrying out contents, forms and measures to improve the capacity of
EP and fostering and training the qualities, competencies, methods
and working style of the PI attached to the process of performing the
unit’s duties. Fourthly, regularly checking the combination of
improving the capacity of EP with fostering, training quality,
capacity, methods, working style of the staff of PI.
4.2.4. Promote the active and proactive role in self-fostering
and training to improve the educational and persuasive capacity of
political instructors in the infantry divisions in the Vietnam
People's Army today
It is necessary to take the following measures in order to
promote the active and active role of PI in infantry divisions in selffostering and training to enhance the capacity of EP:
Firstly, PI needs to be properly aware of the role and
importance of self-training and training; about the position, the
leading role in politics and the capacity of EP associated with the
position and responsibility assigned. Secondly, PI self-assessed the
strengths and weaknesses of EP capacity; actively, proactively
building and implementing well the plan of self-learning, training to
improve the capacity of EP. Thirdly, the Party committees, leading
officials, political agencies at all levels need to pay attention to create
conditions for PI to self-study and train to improve the capacity of
EP, and regularly check the self-study of PI.

4.2.5. Promote the synergy of organizations and
forces in enhancing the educational and persuasive
capacity of political instructors in the infantry divisions of
the Vietnam People's Army today


22
This is a crucial solution in enhancing the EP capacity of PI in
infantry divisions. The following contents and measures should be
taken into consideration in order to promote the synergy of
organizations and forces in improving the EP capacity of PI:
Firstly, strengthening the leadership of the party committee,
the direction of the political commissar, the deputy political
commissar of the military zone, the corps to improve the capacity of
EP of PI in the infantry divisions. Secondly, promoting the role of the
political bureau, military zone military school, army corps to improve
the EP capacity of PI in infantry divisions. Thirdly, promoting the
role of cadres and soldiers in the grassroots units to improve the
educational and TP capacity of PI in infantry divisions. Fourthly,
promoting the role of mass organizations and military councils at
grassroots units to participate in activities to enhance the EP capacity
of PI in infantry divisions. Fifthly, promoting the role of the party
committees, governments, and local socio-political organizations
where the troops are stationed.
Conclusion of chapter 4
Enhancing the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions in the
Vietnam People's Army is influenced by the objective and subjective
factors with their advantages and disadvantages. Enhancing the EP
capacity of the PI in the infantry divisions in the current People's
Army must closely follow the Party's political and military lines, the

viewpoint of building cadres in the new situation; close to the duties
of the infantry divisions and PI’s position, role, responsibility and
duties. Regularly and continuously implementing the comprehensive
and synchronous measures and promoting the synergy of different
organizations and forces involved.
In order to enhance the EP capacity of PI in the infantry
divisions in the Vietnam People's Army, it is necessary to implement
the solutions synchronously. Of which, the following basic solutions
should be focused on: creating changes in awareness and
responsibilities of organizations and forces; innovating contents,
forms and advanced measures; incorporating the EP capacity building
with fostering and training other qualities and competencies; promote
the activeness and initiative of PI in self-fostering, training and
promoting the synergy in improving the EP capacity of PI. Each
solution has its own position, role and importance, but it is closely
related to each other, impacting, promoting, and facilitating each
other. Therefore, the subjects involved do not absolute or


23
underestimate any solution, and should apply these solutions
creatively to suit the specific situation of each infantry division in
order to bring practical quality and effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
1. There have been several domestic and foreign scientific
works on the contingent of PI and the capacity of the contingent
of PI, the activity of party and political work on EP and the EP
capacity. From different approaches, these works have mentioned
and clarified the theoretical and practical issues and proposed a
number of solutions to improving the qualities, capacities, skills,

methods and working style of PI and the quality and efficiency
of party and political work. However, there has not been any
systematic and in-depth research project on improving the EP
capacity of PI in the infantry divisions in the People's Army of
Vietnam from the perspective of Political Science, specializing in
Party building and State government. Therefore, the thesis topic
is an independent study which does not overlap with any works
published previously.
2. The PI in the infantry divisions is an important part of the
military personnel in the army, who is the politician in charge,
responsible to the superior and its subordinates for all activities of
party and political work; directing and organizing the
implementation of the party and political work according to their
functions and tasks. The capacity of EP is a specific capacity and
one of the important factors that make up the capacity of PI in the
infantry divisions; it is made up of a combination of elements:
knowledge, experience, quality, skills, techniques, methods,
behaviours, style, status, prestige, qualities, talents, etc. expressed
by ability, practical level of PI in conducting EP for different
objects. Enhancing the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions
is an objective, regular requirement to ensure that PI fulfils every
duty and task assigned.
3. In the past recent years, the enhancement of the EP
capacity of the PI in the infantry divisions in the People's Army of
Vietnam has been paid due attention by the party committees,
party organizations, leading officials and political agencies at all
levels with several significant achievements. However, besides the


24

advantages and activities to improve the EP capacity of PI remain
limitations and shortcomings in terms of awareness, responsibility,
content, form, and measures to improve; the EP capacity of PI in
the infantry divisions do not meet the requirements of relevant
responsibilities and duties. The advantages and shortcomings of
improving the EP capacity of PI stem from several objective and
subjective reasons, but subjective ones are direct and decisive
factors. Thus, enhancing the EP capacity of PI in the infantry
divisions in the Vietnam People's Army is a matter of urgent
significance today.
4. Enhancing the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions
in the Vietnam People's Army is influenced by objective and
subjective factors, both advantages and disadvantages from the
change of international, regional, domestic situation and
requirements and duties of the infantry divisions. Enhancing the
EP capacity of PI in infantry divisions should implement the
system of solutions synchronously. Each solution has its own
position, role and importance, yet they are all closely related. They
affect, promote, facilitate one another and focus on their mutual
goal of improving the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions.
Therefore, the subjects involved do not absolute or underestimate
any solution, and should apply these solutions creatively to suit
the specific situation of each infantry division in order to bring
practical quality and effectiveness.
5. Enhancing the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions
is a matter of practical significance, directly contributing to the
capacity of PI, quality and operational efficiency of party work
and political work. However, the situation of the army's tasks in
general, of the infantry divisions in particular; the requirements
and the tasks of party work and political work continue to be

developed and increased. Thus, the results of the thesis are just
primary ones, the issue of the EP capacity and the enhancement
of the EP capacity of PI in the infantry divisions should be
studied, supplemented and investigated more deeply and
thoroughly in the coming years./.