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( dùng để chỉ 1 bổn phận hoặc nghĩa vụ không đợc thực hiện trong quá khứ)
Tom should have stayed at home. ( đáng lẽ Tom đã phải ở nhà, nhng anh ta đã ra ngoài
My father should have bought me a new bike. ( He didn’t buy)
Lan should have learned well. ( She didn’t learn well )
Miss Lan should have been at the meeting. She was ill.
<i><b>2.</b></i>
The harvest <i>was to have been</i> ready but the heavy rain delayed it
<i><b>3.</b></i>
She would like to have passed the exams. = ( She wishes she had passed the exams )
<i><b>4.</b></i>
I couldn’t have met her at the party
<b>5</b>.
( Diễn tả 1 hành động không cần thiết trong quá khứ, nhng đã xảy ra rồi)
We needn’t have hurried. Now we are too early.
We needn’t have seen her. Because she is very well
They needn’t have visited her parents
<b>6.</b>
She may have come. They might have passed the exams.
My mother may have been at home.
My sister might have cooked dinner.
<b>7</b><i><b>. Must have done</b></i>….. ( Hẵn đã là…….)
( Chỉ sự suy diễn trong quá khứ..)
He must have stayed up too late last night. He looks sleepy now.
He died of cancer. He must have smoked a lot.
<i><b>8</b></i>
He says he saw you at the cinema yesterday. He couldn’t / can’t have seen me.
I wasn’t there. ( Anh ta không thể nào đã nhìn thấy tơi. Tơi khơng có mặt ở đó )
He couldn’t have passed the exams. He learned very badly.